Did you know that the single most important predictor of academic success is reading proficiency by third grade? That’s no exaggeration. In an article by Education Week, a study released at the American Educational Research Association convention includes a clear warning, “A student who can’t read on grade level by 3rd grade is four times less likely to graduate by age 19 than a child who does read proficiently by that time.”

But what makes this milestone so significant? And more importantly, what can parents do to help their children reach it, or help them catch up if they’re falling behind?

The Early Years: Building a Foundation for Reading

A love of reading begins well before your child enters a classroom. In the preschool years, parents and caregivers can make a powerful impact by creating a literacy-rich environment at home. This includes simple activities like reading aloud daily, singing songs, rhyming, pointing out letters and words in everyday life, and building vocabulary through conversation. These early exposures not only help build essential language and listening skills, but they also associate reading with comfort, joy, and curiosity.

Choosing age-appropriate books for toddlers and can spark interest and develop comprehension naturally (try books with repetition, rhythm, or colorful illustrations). Encourage your child to “read” to you by telling a story from the pictures, or to help you turn the pages. Ask open-ended questions like, “What do you think will happen next?” or “Why do you think she’s sad?” to help build critical thinking skills early on.

Libraries and other community programs are great resources for families with young children. Weekly storytimes, take-home activity kits, and access to thousands of free books make it easy to build a reading habit (without breaking the bank!). Little Free Libraries in your neighborhood can also be a fun way for your child to “shop” for books and swap out stories kids have already enjoyed.  

The Third Grade Turning Point

From kindergarten through third grade, children are learning to read independently. This stage involves decoding words, mastering phonics, building fluency, and beginning to comprehend basic narratives.

But starting in fourth grade, that shifts dramatically. Instead of learning to read, students are expected to read to learn. They encounter more complex material in every subject. Examples include multi-step math word problems, historical texts, and science explanations. If a child is still struggling with the basics, they’ll fall behind quickly.

According to the Annie E. Casey Foundation, third-grade reading proficiency is a make-or-break milestone. Children who can’t read at grade level by this point are significantly more likely to experience not only academic difficulties, but also behavioral challenges and a lack of confidence in school.

What If Your Child Isn’t On Track?

Not every child develops at the same pace. While some are fluent readers before third grade, others may need more time and support to reach proficiency. If your child is approaching, or in third grade, and still struggling, don’t panic, but don’t wait, either. The most important thing to do is to act early.

If you suspect your child is behind in reading, talk to their teacher as soon as possible. Ask for assessments that can identify any specific challenges such as phonemic awareness, decoding, fluency, or comprehension. Schools often offer reading intervention programs, small group instruction, or even one-on-one support with a reading specialist. You can also work with a private tutor or explore literacy-focused nonprofit organizations in your area.

At home, continue to model and encourage reading. Read aloud with your child (even if they’re older) and discuss what you read together. Audiobooks can also be a great way to build comprehension and fluency, especially when paired with the printed book. Make reading part of your daily routine and show your child that it’s a priority.

Support for Older Readers

For older children who are still struggling with reading, it’s important to provide consistent, respectful support without embarrassment. Many older kids resist reading because they feel ashamed or frustrated. Choose high-interest, age-appropriate books that match their reading level. This is where graphic novels, joke books, and sports stories can be extremely helpful. Look for series by authors who are known to connect with reluctant readers, such as Dav Pilkey (Dog Man and Cat Kid series) or Jeff Kinney (Diary of a Wimpy Kid series), for example.

If your child qualifies, you may also want to explore structured literacy programs designed for children with dyslexia or other learning differences.

Again, libraries can be a lifeline. Many offer free homework help, reading clubs, and dedicated teen or tween reading areas. Librarians can help match your child with books they’ll love (even if they’ve been “book-resistant” in the past).

Reading isn’t just another subject at school. It’s the key that unlocks all others. Whether your child is just learning the alphabet, or tackling their first chapter book, every step on the reading journey matters. With early support, regular reading routines, and community resources like libraries and Little Free Libraries, you can help your child become not just a proficient reader, but a lifelong one.

Start early. Stay involved. It’s never too late to help your child become a strong and confident reader. Because reading by third grade isn’t just a milestone… it’s a launch pad for a lifetime of success.

About Success Won’t Wait

Founded in 2002, Success Won’t Wait is a not-for-profit literacy organization based in Wilmington, Delaware. Want to learn more about Success Won’t Wait’s literacy projects, how to donate used children’s books in Delaware, or volunteer your time? Click on the About Us tab above.

Read now, because success won’t wait!